Chronology of Cambodian History – Angkor Era

YEAR

802

Jayavarman II (r. 802 - d. 850) ascends the Khmer throne.

850

Jayavarman III (r. 850 - d. 877) succeeds his father King Jayavarman II upon his death. He reigns at Hariharalaya. The King died in 877 and received the posthumous name of Vishnuloka.

877

Indravarman I (r. 877 - d. 889) ascends the throne.

879

Preah Ko (The sacred Cow) is built. The temple is an outstanding example of one of the earliest brick temples of the Khmer Empire. This beautiful temple has six brick towers on a terraced pyramid, surround by four enclosures.

881

The temple of Bakong is built and dedicated in 881 by King Indravarman. It consists of a central pyramid, with two brick towers on each side of the base and twelve small stone prasats.

889

Yasovarman I (r. 889/890 - d. 910/912) ascends the Khmer throne. He moves his capital from Roluos into Angkor and built the royal pyramid temple, Bakheng, located on top of a mountain right at the heart of Angkor. The King builds Lolei, Bakheng, and Eastern Baray.

893

The temple of Lolei is completed. It's erected on a little artificial island on the baray of Roluos; it consists of four brick towers, similar to those of Prasat Preah Ko on the same terrace. The temple towers are dedicated to King's Yasovarman's ancestors.

900

Prasat Bakheng is built.

910

Harshavarman I (r. 910/912 - 925) succeeds his father King Yasovarman after his death; he rules at Yasodharapura. He builds Baksei Chamkrong and Prasat Kravan.

921

Prasat Kravan is built. The temple consists of five brick towers in a row, arrange North-South and open to the east. It is dedicated to Vishnu.

923

Isanavarman II (r. 923/25 - 928), son of King Yasovarman and brother of Harshavarman, ascends the throne. The King is said to have reigned successively with his brother after the death of their father.

928

Jayavarman IV (r. 928 - 941). The King has a power base to the north of Angkor, at Koh Ker (referred to in an inscription as Chok Gargyar-Island of Glory). He builds Prasat Thom.

Prasat Krachap is consecrated by King Jayavarman.

937

Prasat Bantay Pir Chan is consecrated by King Jayavarman to Prajapatisvara (Brahma).

939

Ngo Quyen defeats the Chinese and founds the Kingdom of Dai-co-Viet (today Vietnam), with his capital at Co-Loa.

941

Harshavarman II (r. 941 - 944) succeeds his father, King Jayavarman IV, and reigned at Koh Ker.

944

Rajendravarman II (r. 944 - d. 968) becomes king. He restores Angkor after a period of neglect and consolidates the empire. He claims descent from the rulers of Bhavapura, and brings together under his rule a number of territories not previously assimilated. The King builds East Mebon, Pre Rup, and starts the Phimeanakas.

947

Baksei Chamkrong is consecrated by King Rajendravarman.

952

The Mebon temple is consecrated; it is located on an island at the center of the Eastern Reservoir.

960

Prasat Lak Nan and Bat Chum is built.

961

Pre Rup temple is built.

967

Prasat Banteay Srei (citadel of women) is consecrated by the Brahman Yajnavaraha. The temple is erected by King Rajendravarman.

968

Jayavarman V (r. 968 - d. 1001) ascends the Khmer throne.

982

Le Dai Hanh, emperor of Dai co-Viet, attacks and destroys Champa's capital, Indrapura. [Dai-Viet expansion]

1002

Udayadityavarman I (r. 1001 - 1002) succeeds his uncle, King Jayavarman V. He reigns very briefly and then disappears.

Jayaviravarman I (r. 1002 - 1010). Not much is known about Jayaviravarman; he is said to rule concurrently over different portions of Cambodia from 1002 until Suryavarman conquers the whole country and ruled exclusively in 1010 A.D.

Suryavarman I (r. 1002/1010 - 1050) becomes sole Khmer ruler.

1044

Ly Thai-tong, who usurped the throne of Dai co-Viet in 1010, defeats and kills king Jaya Simhavarman II of Champa, and sacks his capital - Vijaya.

1050

Udayadityavarman II (r. 1050 - 1066). He builds Baphuon and finishs the Western Baray.

1052

Inscription of Sdak Kak Thom, from temple of the same name in Prachinburi province in presend-day Thailand, records the installation of the first devaraja on Phnom Kulen in 802.

1066

Harsavarman III (r. 1066 - 1080) ascends the Khmer throne. According to Chinese sources, Angkor and Champa are jointly required to help China fight the Vietnamese. Subsequently there is war in Champa, in which the Cham claimed to have taken a city and offers prisoners and booty to a Cham national temple.

1068

Ly Thai-tong attacks and captures King Rudravarman III of Champa and annexes his northern provinces.

1080

Jayavarman VI (r. 1080 - d. 1107) ascends the Khmer throne. He builds Phimai (in Thailand today), Prasat Preah Vihear and Wat Phu (in Laos today).

1107

Dharanindravarman I (r. 1107 - 1113) assume the throne from his younger brother Jayavarman VI.

1113

Suryavarman II (r. 1113 - d. c. 1150) becomes Khmer King.

1116

King Suryavarman send an embassy to Chinese Imperial court.

1117

An embassy is sent by King Suryavarman to Chinese Imperial court.

1128

King Suryavarman II sends 20,000 men to attack the Dai Viet and is defeated.

Suryavarman's embassy reaches China.

1132

The Chams and Khmers attack Dai Viet together at Nghe-an and are defeated.

1133

Two men from Champa ask for asylum in the Dai Viet court, which indicate that the hostilities between the Khmer and Cham have started.

1136

King Suryavarman II carries out another major campaign against the Dai Viet, without the Cham as allies, and is defeated.

1138

King Suryavarman II launches another unsuccessful campaign against the Dai Viet.

1145

King Suryavarman II conqueres Champa. [Khmers and Chams fighting]

1149

King Jaya Harivarman of Champa recaptures his capital, Vijaya, from King Suryavarman's younger brother, Prince Harideva, whom the King established on the throne of Champa.  The Prince is killed in the battle together with all of his troops.

1150

Dharanindravarman II (r. 1150 - d. c. 1160).

1160

Yasovarman II (r. 1160 - 1165) ascends the Khmer throne. The King's reign ended in the hand of a usurper, Tribhuvanadityavarman, who is his official.

1165

Tribhuvanadityavarman (r. 1165 - d. 1177) becomes Khmer King. His reign is obscure; it ends when a Cham fleet makes its way unexpectedly up the Tonle Sap to the Great Lake and scores a rapid and devastating victory that give power at Angkor to the Cham ruler Jaya Indravarman IV.

1177

Jaya Indravarman IV of Champa sacks Angkor and killed its ruler, Tribhuvanadityavarman. Jayavarman, son of Dharanindravarman II, assumes leadership of Khmer resistance.

1181

Jayavarman VII (r. 1181 - d. c. 1215).

1186

Ta Prohm is built. It's dedicated to the mother of Jayavarman VII.

1191

Preah Khan is built. It is dedicated to the father of Jayavarman VII.

1203

Jayavarman VII conquers and annexes Champa.

1215

Indravarman II (r. 1215 - d. c. 1243).

1220

Jaya Parameshvaravarman II becomes King of Champa upon the withdrawal of the Khmers.

1230

Bang Klang T'ao (Indrapatindraditya) becomes King of Sukhodaya, the first Thai (Siamese) state to free itself from Khmer.

1243

Jayavarman VIII (r. 1243 - 1295/96) ascends the Khmer throne. He sponsors the last known royally endow temple.  He is said to have lived to the age of 104. Brahmanism is restored as state religion during his reign.

1283

Indravarman V successfully resists a sea-borne Mongol invasion of Champa.

1295

Indravarman III (r. 1295 - 1308) ascends the Khmer throne. The King reigns at the time of the visit of Zhou Daguan, a Chinese visitor who offers a great deal of concrete information about Angkor at the time. Zhou reports Khmer wars against Thai invaders.

Rama Khamheng, second King of Sukhodaya, conquers the Mekong and Menam valleys (in Cambodia), and the Malay Peninsula.

1308

Indrajayavarman (r. 1308 - 1327) ascends the Khmer throne.

1313

Emperor Tran Anh-tong of Dai Viet occupies Champa and establishes Che Nang, the Cham royal dynasty, as a puppet ruler.

1318

Emperor Tran Minh-tong of Dai Viet deposes Che Nang of Champa and appoints Che Anan as governor.

1327

Jayavarman Paramesvara (r. 1327-?), Khmer King.

1350

Beginning of first “PONGSA VODA” Khmer chronicles.

Rama Tiboti founds the Tai Kingdom of Siam with its capital at Ayuthia.

1351

Pongsa Voda records the Siamese king's capture of Angkor and placed his son on the throne. [22]

1355

The Siamese prince, who was put on the Khmer throne in 1351, is killed along with two others, and the rightful king regains his throne according to Pongsa Voda. [22]

1361

Che Bong Nga succeeds as King of Champa and begins his attacks on the Dai Viet.

1373

Pongsa Voda records the Khmer king's attack and re-conquer of two provinces from the Siamese, taking 8000 prisoners. [22]

1385

Siamese annals records its captured of Angkor, and after sacking it and killing all the inhabitants who are useless for slaves, marching away with tremendous booty and thousands of prisoners, leaving only 5,000 alive within the wall.  Khmer accounts, however, contradict the number but recorded the incidence. [22]

1390

Che Bong Ngo, King of Champa, is assassinated.

1400

Le Quy Ly deposes the last Tran Emperor of the Dai Viet and becomes Emperor with the name Ho Quy.

1405

Samtac Chao Phaya Phing-ya Nippean-bat (1405 - 1409), Khmer king.

1409

Lampang Paramaraja (1409 - 1416), Khmer king.

1416

Sorijovong or Lambang (1416 - 1425), Khmer king.

1417

Pongsa Voda records the Siamese’s siege of Angkor, which capitulated after seven months during which Khmer ministers had gone over to the enemy, taking a great number of followers. [22]

1425

Barom Racha, or Gamkhat Ramadhapati (1425 - 1429), Khmer king.

1429

Thommo-Soccorach, or Dharmasoka (1429 - 1431), Khmer king.

1431

Paramaraja II of Ayuthaya sacks Angkor. Khmer capital is relocated to Srei Santhor region.